DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROLLERS FOR ROBOT WHEEL

DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROLLERS

FOR ROBOT WHEEL

 

Abstract

The purpose of a motor speed controller is to take a signal representing the demanded speed, and to drive a motor at that speed. The speed controller presented here is designed to drive a simple cheap starter motor. The speed controller works by varying the average voltage sent to the motor this on-off switching is performed by power MOSFETs. A MOSFET. This is the principle of switch mode speed control. Thus the speed is set by PWM – Pulse Width Modulation. The speed control circuits are drawn and switching operations is given in this paper. The regeneration process is included and reversing characteristic operations are discussed. The total process is explained with the help of full bridge circuit with direction of flow of signals. The feedback speed control for the robotic wheel with the block diagram and its functions are given. The speed control using software is also proposed and explained.

IF U NEED FULL PAPER SEND A REQUEST TO

CREANOVA [CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE ENGINEERS]

E-mail : creanovaengineerz@gmail.com

Conclusion:

                           This paper discussed above is having the efficient and easier operation to control the speed of the DC motor attached to the wheel of the robot so we can operate it to our desirable speed by varying the input signals. By using the MOSFET as the switching device and PWM signal as a switching signal the large amount of current is easily switched and faster as possible. The robotic wheels can operate at same speed by the appointment of comparator. As a result the robot can move at a desirable uniform speed.

 

DIGITAL STEGANOGRAPHY

DIGITAL STEGANOGRAPHY

ABSTRACT:

The phenomenal growth in e-commerce applications through the Internet in the past few years has led to a genuine need, as well as a sense of urgency, for both small office and home office (SOHO) and corporate users to protect their data transactions through the Internet. These data transactions may include sensitive document transfer, digital signature authentication, digital watermarking for copyright protection, and digital data storage and linkage.

In this paper, the use of digital steganography for information security in various ecommerce applications through the Internet will be discussed in detail. Theseapplications include digital watermarking for copyright protection of multimedia data, digital signature authentication and validation of electronic documents, digital data storage and linkage for binding digitized photographs with personal attribute information, as well as secure communication of multimedia data through the open channels. Enhanced information security will lead to wider e-commerce applications that involve e-communication, e-transactions, e-filing, and e-publications.

IF U NEED FULL PAPER SEND A REQUEST TO

CREANOVA [CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE ENGINEERS]

E-mail : creanovaengineerz@gmail.com

CONCLUSIONS:

The use of digital steganography for Infosecurity in various e-commerce applications through the Internet has been discussed in detail in this paper. These applications include digital watermarking for copyright protection of multimedia data, digital signature authentication and validation of electronic documents, digital data storage and linkage for binding digitized photographs with personal attribute information, as well as secure communication of multimedia data through open channels. Digital steganography can provide one of the safest and unrestricted information security tools in the market, and is poised to advance the pace of growth of e-commerce applications in Singapore and beyond.

PAWN SIZE TECHNOLOGY WITH KING SIZE UTILITY

   PAWN SIZE TECHNOLOGY WITH KING SIZE UTILITY…

                          NANOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS     

                                        APPLICATIONS

ABSTRACT

“If you and I were to exchange dollar bills

Neither would be richer

But if we were to exchange ideas

Each would increase Knowledge”

Nanotechnology is molecular manufacturing or, more simply, building things one atom or molecule at a time with programmed nanoscopic robot arms. A Nanometer is one billionth of a meter (3-4 atoms wide). Utilizing the well-understood chemical properties of atoms and molecules (how they “stick” together), Nanotechnology proposes the construction of novel molecular devices possessing extraordinary properties. The trick is to manipulate atoms individually and place them exactly where needed to produce the desired structure.

            By treating atoms as discrete, bit-like objects, molecular manufacturing will bring a revolution to the production of material objects. Working at the resolution limit of matter, it will enable the ultimate in miniaturization and performance. By starting with cheap, abundant components- molecules-and processing them with small, high frequency, high productivity machines, it will make products inexpensive.

            This paper gives you an introduction about Nanotechnology, and a clear idea about its applications.

INTRODUCTION

                 Stone age, bronze age, iron age, silicon age and next what? Nevertheless to say we are very well into nanotech age, where materials are getting smarter and smaller day by day! These smart materials will bring the near perfect future that we now all envision in our dreams.

              There would be sensors embedded in all most all walks of life (automobiles, buildings, clothes, cosmetics, water and even mud). Each element will me smart enough to repair and replicate itself as and when required .All this would be possible by manipulating matter at the molecular scale .all this would work in perfect synchronization, but still remain invisible to the human eye.

IF U NEED FULL PAPER SEND A REQUEST TO

CREANOVA [CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE ENGINEERS]

E-mail : creanovaengineerz@gmail.com

CONCLUSION

            Humanity will be faced with a powerful, accelerated social revolution as a result of Nanotechnology. In a few decades this emerging manufacturing technology will let us inexpensively arrange atoms and molecules in most of the ways permitted by physical law. It will let us make supercomputers that fit on the head of a pin and fleets of medical nanorobots smaller than a human cell able to eliminate cancer, infections, clogged arteries, and even old age.

HYSTERESIS AND A TRANSFORMER AN APPLICATION EDDY-CURRENT LOSSES OF LAMINATION VIEWED AS OF THE POYNTING THEOREM

BACK EMF CONCEPTS

Back emf

Now, as the first two animations show, DC motors and generators may be the same thing. For example, the motors of trains become generators when the train is slowing down: they convert kinetic energy into electrical energy and put power back into the grid. Recently, a few manufacturers have begun making motor cars rationally. In such cars, the electric motors used to drive the car are also used to charge the batteries when the car is stopped - it is called regenerative braking.

So here is an interesting corollary. Every motor is a generator. This is true, in a sense, even when it functions as a motor. The emf that a motor generates is called the back emf. The back emf increases with the speed, because of Faraday's law. So, if the motor has no load, it turns very quickly and speeds up until the back emf, plus the voltage drop due to losses, equal the supply voltage. The back emf can be thought of as a 'regulator': it stops the motor turning infinitely quickly (thereby saving physicists some embarrassment). When the motor is loaded, then the phase of the voltage becomes closer to that of the current (it starts to look resistive) and this apparent resistance gives a voltage. So the back emf required is smaller, and the motor turns more slowly. (To add the back emf, which is inductive, to the resistive component, you need to add voltages that are out of phase. See AC circuits.)